Matsumoto Castle, built 1594, is Japan’s oldest surviving black castle, known as "Crow Castle"

Matsumoto Castle, built around 1594, is Japan’s oldest surviving six-story (from five external tiers) black castle, known as "Crow Castle". It is a rare "hirajiro" (flatland castle) featuring a hidden, secret floor for soldiers, a peaceful Moon Viewing Room added during peacetime, and, remarkably, survived demolition in the Meiji era thanks to local efforts.  * The Hidden Floor: While appearing to be five stories from the outside, the castle has a secret, unlit sixth floor between the second and third stories. This hidden area was used to hide soldiers, store weapons, and ammunition. * "Crow Castle" Nickname: The exterior is covered in black lacquer, earning it the nickname "Crow Castle" (Karasu-jo). This design was primarily for aesthetic, contrasting with the white "Egret" castles, but also served to intimidate opponents. * A "Flatland" Fortress: Unlike most Japanese castles built on hills or mountains, Matsumoto is a hirajiro(flatland castle), built on a plain, requiring a massive, complex system of moats and interconnected walls for defense. * The Peaceful Addition: The Tsukimi-yagura (moon-viewing room) was added in the 1630s during a time of peace. It is notably less fortified than the rest of the structure, allowing the lord to host tea ceremonies and view the moon. * The Curse of Tada Kasuke:According to local legend, a farmer named Tada Kasuke, who led a tax revolt, was executed and placed a 200-year curse on the castle, causing the ruling family to suffer until they honored him. * Saved by Locals: During the Meiji Restoration (late 19th century), many castles were destroyed. Matsumoto Castle was saved from being sold and demolished when local residents and officials organized a campaign to preserve it. * Extremely Steep Stairs: The wooden interior is preserved, featuring very narrow, steep, and treacherous staircases, designed to make it hard for attackers to climb quickly.