The capital of the island of Lesbos is located on the east coast and is called Mytilini. The Castle of Mytilini can be seen from almost every viewpoint in the city — not only because it stands on a high hill, but also because it is one of the largest castles in the Mediterranean. The first structures date back to the Byzantine period (6th century), likely built on the remains of an even older ancient acropolis. In the 14th century, the Genoese Gattilusio family significantly expanded the fortress while they ruled Lesbos. The castle was built to protect the city from pirates and enemy naval attacks. After the Ottoman conquest in 1462, additional walls, bastions, and storage areas were added, giving the complex its current impressive size. The castle covers about 60 hectares, highlighting its strategic importance; located close to the Turkish coast, Mytilene was for centuries an important military and trading center in the Aegean Sea. We spent the entire afternoon walking across the grounds, passing remains of Ottoman bathhouses, water reservoirs, underground storage spaces, and an old mosque.

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